Performance of graphene oxide as a water-repellent coating nanomaterial to extend the service life of concrete structures.

Surface treatments help to protect the built heritage against damage (environmental, accidental, etc.), reducing repair and restitution costs and increasing the useful life of building materials. The use of nanomaterials is currently the most important field of research in surface treatment technology for the preservation of building materials and, more specifically, to improve their durability and prevent their deterioration, extending their useful life. This paper studies the influence of a graphene oxide (GO) suspension as a surface treatment on the properties of concrete. The results indicate that, at best, surface treatment with GO can decrease both the water absorption and capillary absorption of concrete by about 15 %. The increase in the amount of GO deposited as a surface treatment leads to a further reduction in concrete water absorption. It is shown that, at best, GO coating also reduces water penetration at low and high pressures by approximately 20 % and 60 %, respectively. In addition, scanning electron microscopy analysis shows that GO surface treatment facilitates the hydration process and densifies the concrete microstructure. A simple aqueous suspension of GO is revealed as a tool with a high potential to protect concrete surfaces in a fast and cost-effective way, thanks to the easy application by spraying and the small amount of material needed to obtain great results.

Effectiveness of Balance Rehabilitation Unit (BRU) Posturography Versus Conventional Rehabilitation in Patients With Unilateral Peripheral Vestibular Dysfunction.

BACKGROUND: Patients with unilateral peripheral vestibular deficit (UPVD) experience vertigo, dizziness, disability, negative influences on their quality of life, anxiety, and depression. In vestibular rehabilitation, virtual reality (VR) has proven to be effective. This investigation sought to evaluate the efficacy of the Balance Rehabilitation Unit (BRUTM) (MedicaaTM Montevideo, Uruguay, Balance Suite, version BRU 415) in patients with UPVD. METHODS: A prospective, randomized, controlled study involved 38 patients from the Otoneurologic Service at the National Institute of Rehabilitation "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra" in Mexico. A physician specialist diagnosed the patients with UPVD and assigned them randomly to one of two groups. Group 1 (n = 19) received traditional vestibular rehabilitation, whereas Group 2 (n = 19) received BRUTM-supported vestibular rehabilitation. Both groups were monitored by medical professionals. Patients were evaluated with the Dizziness Handicap Inventory, static and dynamic balance assessments, the dynamic gait index, and the sensory organization test. The statistical analysis was conducted using the Student's t-test, with p 0.05 considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The difference in mean age between the conventional therapy and BRUTM groups was not statistically significant. Both conventional vestibular rehabilitation and the BRUTM led to statistically significant improvements in all assessed parameters, with no statistically significant differences between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Balance, mobility, and quality of life were enhanced similarly in UPVD patients by BRUTM-supported vestibular rehabilitation and conventional vestibular rehabilitation. In addition, BRUTM facilitated patient motivation, exercise feedback, and confidence enhancement.

Estigma de cortesia e condições de saúde: revisão sistemática de literatura / Estigma de cortesía y condiciones de salud: revisión sistemática de la literatura / Courtesy stigma and health conditions: systematic literature review

RESUMO A literatura científica aponta consistentemente que grupos historicamente alvos de estigma social experimentam efeitos deletérios, em diversas esferas da vida. A despeito da sua gravidade e pervasividade, ainda existem lacunas na investigação do tema, tais como aquela voltada para o Estigma de Cortesia, que é vivenciado por pessoas que possuem vínculos afetivos ou profissionais com o indivíduo estigmatizado. O presente artigo teve como objetivo apresentar o estado da arte sobre estigma de cortesia, por meio de uma revisão sistemática de estudos empíricos originais publicados em periódicos revisados por pares e indexados nas principais bases relacionadas ao campo de investigação (PsycNET (APA), Pubmed, Bvs Brasil, Periódicos CAPES, SciELO e Pepsic). Como palavras-chave, para a busca dos resumos, utilizou-se: estigma de cortesia, estigma de afiliação e estigma de associação. Ao todo, 94 textos completos atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Os estudos apontaram que o estigma de cortesia tem sido investigado predominantemente entre familiares de pessoas que possuem algum tipo de problema relacionado com sua saúde mental, além de pais de crianças com algum tipo de deficiência.

RESUMEN La literatura científica señala constantemente que los grupos históricamente afectados por el estigma social experimentan efectos nocivos en diferentes ámbitos de la vida. A pesar de su gravedad y omnipresencia, todavía hay vacíos en la investigación del tema, como el centrado en el estigma de cortesía, que experimentan las personas que tienen vínculos afectivos o profesionales con el individuo estigmatizado. Este artículo tuvo como objetivo presentar el estado del arte sobre el estigma de cortesía a través de una revisión sistemática de estudios empíricos originales publicados en revistas revisadas por pares e indexados en las principales bases de datos relacionadas con el campo de investigación (PsycNET (APA), Pubmed, Bvs Brasil, CAPES, SciELO y revistas Pepsic). Como palabras clave para la búsqueda de resúmenes, utilizamos: estigma de cortesía, estigma de afiliación y estigma de asociación. En total, 94 textos completos cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Los estudios han demostrado que el estigma de cortesía se ha investigado principalmente entre miembros de la familia de personas que tienen algún tipo de problema relacionado con su salud mental, además de los padres de niños con algún tipo de discapacidad.

ABSTRACT The scientific literature consistently points out that groups historically targeted by social stigma experience deleterious effects in different spheres of life. Despite its gravity and pervasiveness, there are still gaps in the investigation of the topic, such as that focused on the Courtesy Stigma, which is experienced by people who have affective or professional ties with the stigmatized individual. This article aimed to present the state of the art on Courtesy Stigma through a systematic review of original empirical studies published in peer-reviewed journals and indexed in the main databases related to the research field (PsycNET (APA), Pubmed, Bvs Brasil, CAPES, SciELO, and Pepsic journals). As keywords for the search for abstracts, we used: courtesy stigma, affiliate stigma and associative stigma. Altogether, 94 complete texts met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies have shown that the Courtesy Stigma has been investigated predominantly among family members of people who have some type of problem related to their mental health, in addition to parents of children with some type of disability.

Na corda bamba de sombrinha: a Educação Física no fio da história na base nacional comum curricular do ensino médio / Walking the tightrope: Physical Education on the wire of history in high school national common curricular basis / En la cuerda floja con el paraguas: la Educación Física en el límite de la historia en la base del currículo común nacional de la escuela secundaria

O objetivo desse ensaio foi analisar as implicações da BNCC do Ensino Médio para a Educação Física Escolar em reflexividade dialógica e dialética pela análise histórica e política. Por meio de constatações teórica-empíricas, mostramos uma ampla denúncia sobre os interesses neoliberais envolvidos na concepção educativa da reforma do Ensino Médio, já que essa política educacional sistematiza uma educação a serviço do capital, com um reflexo nefasto para a formação crítica e reflexiva das juventudes. Assim, a Educação Física perde cada vez mais espaço, seja pelo seu caráter optativo efetivado pelos "estudos e práticas" do componente curricular; pelo rebaixamento de sua carga horária; por sua falta de legitimidade na sociedade contemporânea; ou por seus princípios epistemológicos, políticos e pedagógicos que se distanciam de uma educação eficiente pautada na Pedagogia das competências. Por fim, defendemos a revogação da BNCC e a organização coletiva de um novo documento curricular.

The objective of this essay was to analyze the implications of High School NCCB for Physical Education in dialogical and dialectical reflexivity through historical and political analysis. Through theoretical-empirical findings, we show a broad denunciation of neoliberal interests involved in the educational conception of the High School reform, since this educational policy systematizes an education at the service of capital, with a disastrous reflection for critical and reflective formation of youths. Thus, Physical Education loses more and more space, either because of its optional character effected by "studies and practices" of the curricular component; lowered workload; lack of legitimacy in contemporary society; or epistemological, political and pedagogical principles that distance themselves from an efficient education based on Competence Pedagogy. Finally, we support the revokement of the NCCB, and the collective organization of a new curriculum.

El objetivo de este ensayo fue analizar las implicaciones de la BNCC de Enseñanza Media para la Educación Física Escolar en la reflexividad dialógica y dialéctica por medio del análisis histórico y político. Mediante hallazgos teórico-empíricos, mostramos una amplia denuncia de los intereses neoliberales involucrados en la concepción educativa de la reforma, ya que esta política educativa sistematiza una educación al servicio del capital. Así, la Educación Física pierde cada vez más espacio, ya sea por su carácter optativo efectuado por los "estudios y prácticas" del componente curricular; por la reducción de su carga de trabajo; por su falta de legitimidad en la sociedad contemporánea; o por sus principios epistemológicos, políticos y pedagógicos que se distancian de una educación eficiente basada en la Pedagogía de las competencias. Finalmente, defendemos la derogación de la BNCC y la organización colectiva de un nuevo documento curricular.

Epicardial adipose tissue thickness is related to early subclinical myocardial dysfunction, particularly in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case control study.

BACKGROUND: Cardiac myofibrillary dysfunction, which can be measure by echocardiographical strain value, represents an early subclinical manifestation of heart failure. Epicardial Adipose tissue (EAT) is related to low degree inflammation and oxidative damage in the adjacent tissue. AIM: To explore whether EAT affects early myocardial dysfunction, as assessed strain values. METHODS: Case-Control design. Patients lacking clinical significant heart failure, thyroid or renal disease or malignant abnormalities were included. Clinical-demographic and biochemical data were collected. EAT and myofibril deformation were measured by echocardiography. RESULTS: A total of 71 patients were analyzed, and further subdivided according to type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (t2DM). Higher strain value (higher than -22.4%cut-off value) was associated with male sex and higher anthropometric and metabolic risk measures; particularly those with t2DM. Higher EAT was also associated higher strain value (AUC = 0.92 ± 0.06, p = 0.004), and further correlation was evidenced (rho = 0.488, p < 0.001), with significant influence of t2DM. CONCLUSION: EAT was related to strain value, suggesting the influence of cardiac adipose tissue on the deformability of cardiac myofibril, with a more significant effect in the population with t2DM.

Mensuração do Estigma de Cortesia: Revisão Sistemática de Literatura / Measurement of courtesy stigma: Systematic literature review / MEDICIÓN DEL ESTIGMA DE CORTESÍA: REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA DE LA LITERATURA

This article aimed to conduct a literature review regarding the instruments used to measure the stigma of courtesy, in the databases related to the field of investigation (PsychNET, PubMed, Virtual Health Library Brazil ­ Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde [BVS] Brasil, Capes Publications Portal, Scientific Electronic Library Online [SciELO], and Electronic Journals in Psychology ­ Periódicos Eletrônicos em Psicologia [PePSIC]), using the descriptors courtesy stigma, affiliate stigma, and associative stigma. Five hundred and six-ty-four articles were retrieved, and, after the exclusion criteria were evaluated, ten were selected. Positive correlations were noted between courtesy stigma and depression, anxiety, caregiver burden, burnout, awareness of public devaluation, and awareness of stigma. Quality of life, social support, self-esteem, quality of care, and social desirability presented negative correlations with the construct studied.

O presente artigo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura a respeito dos instrumentos utili-zados para mensurar estigma de cortesia, nas bases de dados relacionadas ao campo de investigação (PsychNET, PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde [BVS] Brasil, Periódicos Capes, Scientific Electronic Li-brary Online [SciELO] e Periódicos Eletrônicos em Psicologia [PePSIC]), utilizando-se os descritores cour-tesy stigma, affiliate stigma e associative stigma. Recuperaram-se 564 artigos e, após serem avaliados os critérios de exclusão, dez foram selecionados. Notaram-se correlações positivas entre estigma de cortesia e depressão, ansiedade, carga do cuidador, burnout, consciência da desvalorização pública e consciência do estigma. Qualidade de vida, suporte social, autoestima, qualidade do cuidado e desejabilidade social apre-sentaram correlações negativas com o constructo estudado.

Este artículo tuvo como objetivo realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre los instrumentos utilizados para medir el estigma de cortesía en las bases de datos relacionadas con el campo de investigación (Psy-chNET, PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud Brasil ­ Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde [BVS] Brasil, Periódicos Capes, Scientific Electronic Library Online [SciELO] y Periódicos Electrónicos en Psicología ­ Periódicos Eletrônicos em Psicologia [PePSIC]), utilizando los descriptores courtesy stigma, affiliate stigma y associative stigma. Se recuperaron 564 artículos y, una vez evaluados los criterios de exclusión, se seleccionaron diez. Se observaron correlaciones positivas entre el estigma de cortesía y la depresión, la ansiedad, la carga del cuidador, el agotamiento, la conciencia de la devaluación pública y la conciencia del estigma. Calidad de vida, apoyo social, autoestima, calidad de la atención y deseabilidad social mostraron correlaciones nega-tivas con el constructo estudiado.

Biotreatments Using Microbial Mixed Cultures with Crude Glycerol and Waste Pinewood as Carbon Sources: Influence of Application on the Durability of Recycled Concrete.

Two eco-friendly healing bioproducts generated from microbial mixed cultures (MMC) for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) were used as surface treatments, with two residual materials used as the substrates, namely crude glycerol and pinewood bio-oil. Their ability to improve the durability of concrete samples containing recycled aggregates was assessed. To determine this protective capacity, 180 samples were analyzed using different tests, such as water penetration under pressure, capillary absorption, freeze-thaw and water droplet absorption test. Three types of conditions were used: outdoor-indoor exposure, re-application of biopolymers and application in vertical exposure conditions. The results showed reductions of up to 50% in the water penetration test and a delay in the water droplet absorption test of up to 150 times relative to the reference. The surface application of these bioproducts significantly reduced the degree of water penetration in recycled concrete, increasing its useful lifespan and proving to be a promising treatment for protecting concrete surfaces.

Pesquisa participante na educação física escolar: o estado da arte / Participating research in school physical education: the state of the art / Investigación participante en la educación física escolar: el estado del arte

O objetivo deste estudo foi mapear e analisar o que vem sendo discutido nas teses e dissertações que produzem saberes relacionados com a Educação Física Escolar, inspirando-se nos pressupostos da pesquisa participante. Foi realizada uma busca no catálogo de teses e dissertações da Capes. Ao final do processo, foram selecionadas 24 pesquisas relacionadas com o tema. O material empírico foi submetido a análise temática. Os resultados evidenciaram que essas investigações foram produzidas a partir de dois temas, sendo que o primeiro engloba pesquisas participantes inspiradas em intervenções didático-pedagógicas e o segundo em pesquisas participantes que se inspiram em ações coletivas para transformar a realidade da prática político-pedagógica, na perspectiva de alcançar a justiça social. Concluímos que essas pesquisas têm sido muito potentes para evidenciar o trabalho dos professores e das professoras de Educação Física que lecionam na Educação Básica.(AU)

This study aimed to map and analyze what has been discussed in theses and dissertations that produce knowledge related to School Physical Education, drawing on the assumptions of participating research. A search was carried out in the Capes' theses and dissertations catalog. At the end of the process, 24 studies related to the topic were selected. The empirical material was submitted to thematic analysis. The results showed that these investigations were produced from two themes, the first comprising participant researches inspired by didactic-pedagogical interventions and the second by participating researches that are inspired by collective actions to transform the reality of political-pedagogical practice, with the goal of achieving social justice. We conclude that these researches have been very powerful in showing the work of Physical Education teachers who teach in Basic Education.(AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue mapear y analizar lo que se está discutiendo en las tesis y disertaciones que producen saberes relacionados con la Educación Física Escolar, a partir de los supuestos de la investigación participante. Se realizó una búsqueda en el catálogo de tesis y disertaciones de la CAPES. Al final del proceso, fueron seleccionadas 24 investigaciones relacionadas con el tema. El material empírico fue sometido a un análisis temático. Los resultados mostraron que esas investigaciones se produjeron a partir de dos temas, donde el primero engloba investigaciones participantes inspiradas en intervenciones didáctico-pedagógicas y el segundo se centra en investigaciones participantes inspiradas en acciones colectivas para transformar la realidad de la práctica político-pedagógica buscando alcanzar la justicia social. Concluimos que esas investigaciones han sido muy potentes para evidenciar el trabajo de los profesores y profesoras de Educación Física en la Educación Básica.(AU)

Educação física escolar na educação infantil: uma revisão sistemática / School physical education in early childhood education: an systematic review / Educación física escolar en educación infantil: una revisión sistemática

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as publicações científicas sobre a Educação Física Escolar (EFE) na Educação Infantil (EI). Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática em todas as revistas da Educação e da Educação Física listadas no Web-Qualis (2013-2016), classificadas de A1 até B5 disponíveis online, entre 2010 a 2019. Foram encontrados 81 estudos que versavam sobre essa temática. Currículos, propostas pedagógicas e experiências de ensino estão sendo produzidos pelos docentes de Educação Física que atuam nesse ciclo de escolarização a partir de múltiplas manifestações da cultura corporal, além do trabalho coletivo e o respeito aos saberes das crianças, apesar dos desafios que se originam na formação inicial e se perpetuam na formação continuada (AU).

This research aimed to analyze scientific publications on School Physical Education in Early Childhood Education. An systematic review was carried out in all Education and Physical Education journals listed on Web-Qualis (2013-2016), classified from A1 to B5 available online, between 2010 to 2019. 81 studies were found on this theme. Curricula, pedagogical proposals and teaching experiences are being produced by Physical Education teachers who work in this schooling cycle from multiple manifestations of body culture, collective work and respect for children's knowledge. These teachers still face challenges that originate in college and are perpetuated in teacher education (AU).

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar publicaciones científicas sobre Educación Física Escolar en Educación Infantil. Se realizó una revisión sistemática en todas las revistas de Educación y Educación Física enumeradas en Web-Qualis (2013-2016), clasificadas de A1 a B5 disponibles en línea, entre 2010 y 2019. Se encontraron 81 estudios sobre este tema. Los maestros de Educación Física que trabajan en este ciclo escolar elaboran planes de estudio, propuestas pedagógicas y experiencias de enseñanza a partir de múltiples manifestaciones de la cultura corporal, el trabajo colectivo y el respeto por el conocimiento de los niños. Estos maestros aún enfrentan desafíos que se originan en la educación inicial, se perpetúan en la educación continua y actúan (AU)

Use of Mixed Microbial Cultures to Protect Recycled Concrete Surfaces: A Preliminary Study.

One approach to tackle the problems created by the vast amounts of construction and demolition waste (CDW) generated worldwide while at the same time lengthening concrete durability and service life is to foster the use of recycled aggregate (RA) rather than natural aggregate (NA). This article discusses the use of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs)-producing mixed microbial cultures (MMCs) to treat the surface of recycled concrete with a view to increase its resistance to water-mediated deterioration. The microorganisms were cultured in a minimal medium using waste pinewood bio-oil as a carbon source. Post-application variations in substrate permeability were determined with the water drop absorption and penetration by water under pressure tests. The significant reduction in water absorption recorded reveals that this bioproduct is a promising surface treatment for recycled concrete.

Correlation between epicardial fat thickness with intima-media thickness and ankle-brachial index in patients with metabolic syndrome.

Background An increase in epicardial fat thickness (EFT) has been associated with increased cardiovascular risk and the development of atherosclerosis. Transthoracic echo-cardiography provides a reliable measurement of EFT. We evaluated the relationship of EFT with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and ankle-brachial index (ABI), in patients with metabolic syndrome. Methods We assessed 80 patients with metabolic syndrome who underwent echocardiography; EFT was measured by two cardiologists. The CIMT (B-mode colour imaging of extracranial carotid arteries using high-resolution ultrasound) was also measured by a certified ultrasonographer, and ABI was measured by the main researcher. Results We did not find any correlation between ABI with EFT (r=0.0103, p=0.93) or with CIMT (r=-0.1625, p=0.15). However, we found a significant correlation between EFT and CIMT (r=0.2718, r2=0.074, p=0.015). When we evaluated the risk for a CIMT >0.9 mm in patients with an EFT >3 mm, we found a statistically significant association (p=0.039). Interestingly, only 1 patient with an EFT <3 mm had a CIMT >0.9 mm. Conclusion We found that the EFT correlates with CIMT in patients with metabolic syndrome, which explains, at least in part, the higher risk of atherosclerosis in them. Measurement of EFT should be part of the cardiovascular risk evaluation in patients with metabolic syndrome.

High triglyceride to HDL-cholesterol ratio as a biochemical marker of severe outcomes in COVID-19 patients.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with severe complications have shown comorbidities with cardiovascular-disease, hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus; clinical disorders that share the common metabolic alterations of insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia. A high triglyceride to high density lipoprotein cholesterol (Tg/HDL c) ratio has been associated with reduced insulin sensitivity, metabolic syndrome and adverse cardiovascular events. Our aim in this study was to determine the association between different components of the lipid profile and particularly the Tg/HDL c ratio with severe complications like the requirement of invasive mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 patients. METHODS: We collected demographic, clinical and biochemical data to conduct a cohort study in 43 adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) at baseline and in the subsequent 15 days. Patients were subjected to a very similar treatment scheme with the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib. Descriptive statistics, variable association and logistic regression were applied to identify predictors of disease severity among elements and calculations from the lipid profile. RESULTS: Patients were aged 57 ± 14 years; 55.8% were male from which 75% required hospitalization and 44.2% were female who 58% were hospitalized. The most common comorbidities were type 2 diabetes mellitus (58%) and hypertension (40%). Hospitalized and critical care patients showed lower HDL c blood levels and increased Tg/HDL c ratio than those with outpatient management and mild/asymptomatic COVID-19. Tg/HDL c ratio correlated with variables of disease severity such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels (r = 0.356; p < 0.05); National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS 2) (r = 0.495; p < 0.01); quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) (r = 0.538; p < 0.001); increased need of oxygen support (r = 0.447; p < 0.01) and requirement of mechanical ventilation (r = 0.378; p < 0.05). Tg/HDL c ratio had a negative correlation with partial oxygen saturation/fraction of inspired oxygen (SaO 2/FiO2) ratio (r = -0.332;p < 0.05). Linear regression analysis showed that Tg/HDL c ratio can predict increases in inflammatory factors like LDH (p < 0.01); ferritin (p < 0.01) and D-dimer (p < 0.001). Logistic regression model indicated that ≥7.45 Tg/HDL c ratio predicts requirement of invasive mechanical ventilation (OR 11.815, CI 1.832-76.186, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The Tg/HDLc ratio can be used as an early biochemical marker of COVID-19 severe prognosis with requirement of invasive mechanical ventilation.

Use of Bioproducts Derived from Mixed Microbial Cultures Grown with Crude Glycerol to Protect Recycled Concrete Surfaces.

The large increase in the world population has resulted in a very large amount of construction waste, as well as a large amount of waste glycerol from transesterification reactions of acyl glycerides from oils and fats, in particular from the production of biodiesel. Only a limited percentage of these two residues are recycled, which generates a large management problem worldwide. For that reason, in this study, we used crude glycerol as a carbon source to cultivate polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)-producing mixed microbial cultures (MMC). Two bioproducts derived from these cultures were applied on the surface of concrete with recycled aggregate to create a protective layer. To evaluate the effect of the treatments, tests of water absorption by capillarity and under low pressure with Karsten tubes were performed. Furthermore, SEM-EDS analysis showed the physical barrier caused by biotreatments that produced a reduction on capillarity water absorption of up to 20% and improved the impermeability of recycled concrete against the penetration of water under pressure up to 2.7 times relative to the reference. Therefore, this bioproduct shown to be a promising treatment to protect against penetration of water to concrete surfaces increasing its durability and useful life.

Educação cidadã e saúde na Educação Física escolar: a humanização em tempos líquidos / Citizen education and health in school Physical Education: humanization in liquid times / Educación ciudadana y salud em la Educación Física escolar: la humanización en tiempos líquidos

A partir de um diálogo entre as contribuições teóricas de Zygmunt Bauman, Boaventura de Sousa Santos e Paulo Freire, defendemos que a formação da cidadania nas escolas públicas em tempos líquidos, de avanço das políticas neoliberais e da individualização da vida dos sujeitos, precisa ser pensada em projetos educativos que problematizem uma ecologia de saberes contra-hegemônicos, na intencionalidade de ampliar a leitura de mundo dos estudantes buscando a sua conscientização. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desse ensaio foi problematizar temas relacionados com a saúde nas aulas de Educação Física com uma turma de 2º ano do Ensino Médio. A partir da produção pautada nas Ciências Humanas, foram debatidos com os discentes artigos que abordavam três temas geradores, tais como "corpo, saúde e padrões de beleza", "esporte, atividade física e saúde" e "saúde, condições socioeconômicas, envelhecimento e diversidade", rompendo a relação mecanicista entre exercício e qualidade de vida. Na perspectiva de que todos e todas pudessem ler o mundo de forma crítica, os debates foram evidenciados pelos jovens em forma de charge, tirinha ou história em quadrinhos, com a intencionalidade de produzir conhecimentos a partir de diferentes linguagens.

Based on a dialogue between the theoretical contributions of Zygmunt Bauman, Boaventura de Sousa Santos and Paulo Freire, we defend that the formation of citizenship in public schools in liquid times, of advancement of neoliberal policies and individualization of the lives of subjects, needs to be thought of in educational projects that problematize an ecology of counter-hegemonic knowledge, with the intention of expanding students' reading of the world, seeking their awareness. In this context, the objective of this essay was to problematize themes related to health in Physical Education classes with a 2nd year high school class. Based on the production based on the Human Sciences, articles that addressed three generative themes were debated with the students, such as "body, health and standards of beauty", "sport, physical activity and health" and "health, socioeconomic conditions, aging and diversity", breaking the mechanistic relationship between exercise and quality of life. From the perspective that everyone could read the world critically, the debates were highlighted by young people in the form of cartoons, cartoons or comics, with the intention of producing knowledge from different languages.

Partiendo de un diálogo entre los aportes teóricos de Zygmunt Bauman, Boaventura de Sousa Santos y Paulo Freire, defendemos que la formación de ciudadanía en las escuelas públicas en tiempos líquidos, de avance de políticas neoliberales y de individualización de la vida de los sujetos, debe ser pensado en proyectos educativos que problematizan una ecología del saber contrahegemónico, con la intención de ampliar la lectura del mundo de los estudiantes, buscando su conciencia. En este contexto, el objetivo de este ensayo fue problematizar temas relacionados con la salud en las clases de Educación Física con una clase de segundo año de secundaria. A partir de la producción basada en las Ciencias Humanas, se debatieron con los estudiantes artículos que abordaron tres temas generativos, como "cuerpo, salud y estándares de belleza", "deporte, actividad física y salud" y "salud, condiciones socioeconómicas, envejecimiento y diversidad", rompiendo la relación mecanicista entre ejercicio y calidad de vida. En la perspectiva de que todos pudieran leer el mundo críticamente, los debates fueron destacados por los jóvenes en forma de viñetas, viñetas o tiras cómicas, con la intención de producir conocimientos en diferentes idiomas.

Review of Contemporary Self-Assembled Systems for the Controlled Delivery of Therapeutics in Medicine.

The novel and unique design of self-assembled micro and nanostructures can be tailored and controlled through the deep understanding of the self-assembly behavior of amphiphilic molecules. The most commonly known amphiphilic molecules are surfactants, phospholipids, and block copolymers. These molecules present a dual attraction in aqueous solutions that lead to the formation of structures like micelles, hydrogels, and liposomes. These structures can respond to external stimuli and can be further modified making them ideal for specific, targeted medical needs and localized drug delivery treatments. Biodegradability, biocompatibility, drug protection, drug bioavailability, and improved patient compliance are among the most important benefits of these self-assembled structures for drug delivery purposes. Furthermore, there are numerous FDA-approved biomaterials with self-assembling properties that can help shorten the approval pathway of efficient platforms, allowing them to reach the therapeutic market faster. This review focuses on providing a thorough description of the current use of self-assembled micelles, hydrogels, and vesicles (polymersomes/liposomes) for the extended and controlled release of therapeutics, with relevant medical applications. FDA-approved polymers, as well as clinically and commercially available nanoplatforms, are described throughout the paper.

Bidirectional astrocytic GLUT1 activation by elevated extracellular K.

The acute rise in interstitial K+ that accompanies neural activity couples the energy demand of neurons to the metabolism of astrocytes. The effects of elevated K+ on astrocytes include activation of aerobic glycolysis, inhibition of mitochondrial respiration and the release of lactate. Using a genetically encoded FRET glucose sensor and a novel protocol based on 3-O-methylglucose trans-acceleration and numerical simulation of glucose dynamics, we report that extracellular K+ is also a potent and reversible modulator of the astrocytic glucose transporter GLUT1. In cultured mouse astrocytes, the stimulatory effect developed within seconds, engaged both the influx and efflux modes of the transporter, and was detected even at 1 mM incremental K+ . The modulation of GLUT1 explains how astrocytes are able to maintain their glucose pool in the face of strong glycolysis stimulation. We propose that the stimulation of GLUT1 by K+ supports the production of lactate by astrocytes and the timely delivery of glucose to active neurons.

A relação entre saúde e educação física escolar: uma revisão integrativa / The relationship between health and school physical education: an integrative review / La relación entre salud y educación física escolar: una revisión integradora

Este estudo objetivou analisar a produção científica sobre as relações entre Educação Física Escolar e saúde, publicada em periódicos científicos das áreas de Educação e Educação Física. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa em periódicos indexados no sistema WebQualis, sendo identificadas 41 produções. O foco dos estudos está na escolha dos temas a serem aprendidos nas aulas. Diferentes temas têm sido propostos, com predomínio de conhecimentos sobre as implicações biológicas do exercício físico, mesmo em estudos que adotam a perspectiva da promoção da saúde, evidenciando a polissemia do termo. Constata-se a prioridade na análise sobre concepções de saúde, sendo negligenciado o debate sobre a concepção de escola que fundamenta a relação entre saúde e Educação Física Escolar. Identifica-se, portanto, a necessidade de ampliar o debate sobre o tema, buscando apoio no referencial da saúde coletiva e aproximando do contexto escolar, com o protagonismo de professores e professoras na produção de conhecimento.

This study analyzes scientific production on school Physical Education and health published in journals in the areas of Education and Physical Education. An integrative review was conducted on journals indexed on the WebQualis system and 41 articles were found. They focused on selection of subjects to be learned. Various topics were proposed, with a predominance of knowledge about the biological implications of physical exercise, even in studies that adopt the health promotion perspective, which shows the polysemy of the term. Health concepts are often discussed but not the school perspective underlying the relationship between health and Physical Education at school. Therefore, the debate on the topic has to be broadened, seeking support in the collective health framework and approaching the school context with teachers' active participation in knowledge production.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la producción científica sobre las relaciones entre Educación Física Escolar y salud que ha sido publicada en revistas científicas de las áreas de Educación y Educación Física. Realizamos una revisión integradora de revistas indexadas en el sistema WebQualis en la que se identificaron 41 producciones. El foco de los estudios está en la selección de los temas que se aprenderán en las clases. Se han propuesto diferentes temas, con destaque para los conocimientos sobre las implicaciones biológicas del ejercicio físico, incluso en estudios que adoptan la perspectiva de la promoción de la salud, evidenciando la polisemia del término. Se constata la prioridad en el análisis de las concepciones de salud y se da poca atención al debate sobre el concepto de escuela que fundamenta la relación entre salud y Educación Física Escolar. Se identifica, por lo tanto, la necesidad de ampliar el debate sobre el tema, buscando apoyo en los marcos de la salud colectiva y acercándose al contexto escolar, con el protagonismo de profesores e profesoras en la producción de conocimiento.

Professor de educação física (escolar) intelectual transformador: resistências ao modelo gerencialista e neoconservador da educação de mercado / Transforming intellectual (school) physical education teacher: resistance to the managerialist and neoconservative model of market education / Profesor de educación física (escolar) intelectual transformadora: resistencia al modelo directivo y neoconservador de la educación de mercado

Objetivo: O objetivo desse ensaio foi discutir a potencialidade da prática educativa intelectual e transformadora em tempos de educação neoliberal e do avanço dos movimentos neoconservadores no território brasileiro. Método: Nosso material para análise crítica, além da conjuntura econômica, política, social, é a narrativa de duas experiências político-pedagógicas de aulas de Educação Física construídas em Porto Alegre e São Paulo e que foram problematizadas com essa intencionalidade. Resultados: A nossa defesa é que um professor intelectual busca a transformação social, pensa em todas as suas ações educativas para fazer resistência ao sistema econômico imposto no seu cotidiano, compreende que é apenas o trabalho coletivo que pode modificar a realidade injusta instalada na sociedade contemporânea e assume a responsabilidade em organizar projetos educativos que dialogam com uma escola pública democrática. Considerações Finais: Os professores de Educação Física em seus respectivos contextos resistiram contra a cultura dominante.

Objective: The purpose of this essay was to discuss the potential of intellectual and transformative educational practice in times of neoliberal education and the advancement of neoconservative movements in brazilian territory. Method: Our material for critical analysis, in addition to the economic, political, social context, is the narrative of two political-pedagogical experiences of Physical Education classes built in Porto Alegre and São Paulo and which were problematized with this intentionality. Results: Our defense is that an intellectual teacher seeks social transformation, thinks about all his educational actions to resist the economic system imposed on his daily life, understands that it is only collective work that can modify the unfair reality installed in contemporary society and assumes the responsibility for organizing educational projects that dialogue with a democratic public school. Final Considerations: Physical Education teachers in their respective contexts were against the dominant culture.

Objetivo: El propósito de este ensayo fue discutir el potencial de la práctica educativa intelectual y transformadora en tiempos de la educación neoliberal y el avance de los movimientos neoconservadores en el territorio brasileño. Método: Nuestro material para el análisis crítico, además del contexto económico, político y social, es la narración de dos experiencias político-pedagógicas de las clases de Educación Física construidas en Porto Alegre y São Paulo y que fueron problematizadas con esta intencionalidad. Resultados: Nuestra defensa es que un maestro intelectual busca la transformación social, piensa en todas sus acciones educativas para resistir el sistema económico impuesto en su vida cotidiana, entiende que solo el trabajo colectivo puede modificar la realidad injusta instalada en la sociedad contemporánea y asume La responsabilidad de organizar proyectos educativos que dialoguen con una escuela pública democrática. Consideraciones finales: Los profesores de Educación Física en sus respectivos contextos estaban en contra de la cultura dominante.

Discectomía Endoscópica Lumbar Percutánea: presentación de 110 casos intervenidos en Argentina y revisión de la técnica quirúrgica / Percutaneous Lumbar Endoscopic Discectomy: presentation of 110 operated cases in Argentina and review of the surgical technique

Introducción: La Discectomía Endoscópica Lumbar Percutánea (DELP) es una técnica mínimamente invasiva que se usa en distintos países desde finales de los ochenta para el tratamiento de las Hernias Discales. Objetivo: El propósito del presente artículo es presentar los resultados de la evolución clínica de 110 pacientes operados de distintas hernias discales lumbares por técnica endoscópica percutánea, con seis meses de seguimiento. Asimismo, describir la técnica realizada y los aspectos más relevantes del planning preoperatorio, entre ellos el punto de ingreso percutáneo. Materiales y Métodos: En un grupo de 110 pacientes y 141 discos operados entre abril de 2016 y octubre de 2019, se recogieron datos como la edad, el sexo, la clínica, las imágenes de RMN y el planning del ingreso (Skin Entry Point) con target en el fragmento discal herniado. Se realizó en todos los casos una fragmentectomía dirigida, y luego se complementó con técnica In-Out. Se registró, como dato principal, la diferencia en los puntajes de Oswestry (ODI) pre y postquirúrgico a los 6 meses del procedimiento. También se constató la duración de la operación, el tiempo de hospitalización, y la necesidad de reintervención. Todos los pacientes se operaron despiertos, recibiendo anestesia peridural y sedación. Resultados: Se operaron 110 pacientes y 141 hernias discales. El promedio de reducción en ODI a los 6 meses fue 47,5 puntos (SD=5,7), representando un porcentaje medio de reducción de 85% (SD=9,5). Desde el punto de vista técnico se logró promediar la distancia de línea media al ingreso o Skin Entry Point, según el nivel operado y el abordaje elegido. Conclusión: a la luz de los resultados en nuestra serie de 110 pacientes con hernias discales lumbares, operados despiertos por endoscopía percutánea, se obtuvieron mejorías en el dolor promedio del 85% a seis meses. La técnica endoscópica puede ser considerada como un procedimiento efectivo para pacientes con hernias foraminales, extraforaminales y centrales en los niveles L3L4, L4L5 y L5S1.

Introduction: Introduction: PELD is a minimally invasive technique that has been used in different countries since the late 1980s for the treatment of Herniated Discs. Objective: to describe the surgical method from the Approach point of view and PELD results in a series of 110 patients. Materials and Methods: In a group of 110 patients who together had 141 discs operated on between April 2016 and October 2019, data were collected on patients age and gender, clinical presentation, MRI abnormalities and Skin Entry Point (SEP) with target in the herniated disc fragment. A focused fragmentectomy was performed in all cases, and then it was complemented with an In-Out technique. The main result was the difference in the pre and postoperative Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores 6 months after the procedure. The operation duration, the lenght of hospitalization, and the need for reoperation were also recorded. All patients underwent surgery awake, receiving epidural anesthesia and sedation. Results: Respecting the SEP of the endoscope according to the MRI planning focused in the herniated fragment, the evolution of the patients was very favorable. The average reduction in ODI at 6 months was 47.5 points (SD = 5.7), representing an average percentage reduction of 85% (SD = 9.5). The average surgery time was 58 minutes, and the hospitalization time 8.5 hours. Conclusions: In our series of surgical patients with lumbar disc herniations, PELD with focused fragmentectomy in awake patients proved to be a technique with very good results, especially with prior planning of the SEP to achieve effective root decompression

Análise midiática sobre o futebol feminino no Brasil: elementos didáticos para a Educação Física no ensino médio / Media analysis on women's soccer in Brazil: didactic elements for Physical Education in high school / Análisis mediático sobre fútbol femenino en Brasil: elementos didácticos para la Educación Física en la escuela secundaria

O objetivo desse estudo foi compreender a produção discursiva da revista PLACAR sobre o futebol feminino no Brasil e, após essa análise, produzir conhecimentos que possam ser utilizados para fomentar o debate sobre as relações de gênero nas práticas corporais durante as aulas de Educação Física no Ensino Médio. A partir de uma pesquisa documental, em 1017 periódicos da revista PLACAR, localizados na biblioteca do Museu do Futebol em São Paulo, foi realizada a análise de conteúdo para identificar as unidades de significado produzidas sobre o futebol feminino. A produção discursiva sobre a mulher no futebol está fortemente marcada pela proibição e discriminação em seu passado. Apesar disso, graças a inúmeras atletas e aos ideais feministas, as jogadoras estão gradativamente conseguindo espaço e respeito. Esse debate pode ser fomentado nas aulas de Educação Física Escolar a partir dos resultados dessa pesquisa.

The objective of this study was to understand the discursive production of PLACAR magazine on women's football in Brazil and, after this analysis, to produce knowledge that can be used to foster the debate on gender relations in body practices during Physical Education in High School. Based on a documentary research, in 1017 periodicals of PLACAR magazine, located in the library of the Museum of Football in São Paulo, a content analysis was carried out to identify the units of meaning produced about women's football. Discursive production about women in football is strongly marked by prohibition and discrimination in their past. Despite this, thanks to countless athletes and feminist ideals, the players are gradually gaining space and respect. This debate can be fostered in Physical Education classes from the results of this research.

El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender la producción discursiva de la revista PLACAR sobre fútbol femenino en Brasil y, después de este análisis, producir conocimiento que pueda usarse para fomentar el debate sobre las relaciones de género en las prácticas corporales durante las clases de Educación Física en Escuela Secundaria. Basado en una investigación documental, en 1017 revistas de la revista PLACAR, ubicada en la biblioteca del Museo del Fútbol en São Paulo, se realizó un análisis de contenido para identificar las unidades de significado producidas sobre el fútbol femenino. La producción discursiva sobre las mujeres en el fútbol está fuertemente marcada por la prohibición y la discriminación en su pasado. A pesar de esto, gracias a innumerables atletas e ideales feministas, las jugadoras están ganando espacio y respeto gradualmente. Este debate puede fomentarse en las clases de educación física a partir de los resultados de esta investigación.